「ヘルプ:Magic words/ja」の版間の差分

2013年12月9日 (月) 13:44時点における版

マジックワードは、「値」、または (日時、サイトの詳細、ページ名のような値を返す)「関数」を表す特別な文字列です。このページでは、標準のマジックワードの使用法を説明します。技術的なことについては、Manual:Magic words を参照してください。

There are three general types of magic words:

• Behavior switches: these are uppercase words surrounded by double underscores, e.g. __FOO__.
• Variables: these are uppercase words surrounded by double braces, e.g. {{FOO}}. As such, they look a lot like templates.
• Parser functions: these take parameters and are either of the form {{foo:...}} or {{#foo:...}}. See also Help:Extension:ParserFunctions/ja.

Variables and parser functions can use subst:, just like templates. Page-dependent magic words will affect or return data about the current page (by default), even if the word is added through a transcluded template or included system message.

Behavior switches

A behavior switch controls the layout or behavior of the page and can often be used to specify desired omissions and inclusions in the content.

変数

Variables return information about the current page, wiki, or date. Their syntax is similar to templates. Variables marked as "[高負荷]" are tracked by the software, and the number that can be included on a page is limited.

If a template name conflicts with a variable, the variable will be used (so to transclude the template テンプレート:PAGENAME you would need to write {{テンプレート:PAGENAME}}). In some cases, adding parameters will force the parser to invoke a template; for example, {{CURRENTDAYNAME|x}} transcludes テンプレート:CURRENTDAYNAME, not the variable.

日付と時間

次の変数はユーザのタイムゾーン(プリファレンス)に従って、現在の日付と時間を返します。デフォルトのタイムゾーンはUTCです。

MediaWikiとブラウザのキャッシングのおかげで、これらの変数は周期的に現在の時刻よりも前にページがキャッシュされた時刻が表示されます。

The date and time magic words are formatted in the wiki content language. Since 1.19, they depend on the page content language.

次の変数は上記と同じことをしますが、ユーザのプリファレンスとUTCの代わりにサイトのローカルタイムゾーンを使用します。

• {{LOCALYEAR}}
• {{LOCALMONTH}}
• {{LOCALMONTHNAME}}
• {{LOCALMONTHNAMEGEN}}
• {{LOCALMONTHABBREV}}
• {{LOCALDAY}}
• {{LOCALDAY2}}
• {{LOCALDOW}}
• {{LOCALDAYNAME}}
• {{LOCALTIME}}
• {{LOCALHOUR}}
• {{LOCALWEEK}}
• {{LOCALTIMESTAMP}}

For more thorough time formatting, you may want to install Extension:ParserFunctions to use the #time parser function.

技術的なメタデータ

注: Revision variables return data about the latest edit to the current page, even if viewing an older version of the page.

統計

Numbers returned by these variables normally contain separators (commas or spaces, depending on the local language), but can return raw numbers with the ":R" flag (for example, {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} → 1,057 and {{NUMBEROFPAGES:R}} → 1057). Use "|R" for magic words that require a parameter like PAGESINCATEGORY (for example {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Help}} and {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Help|R}}, or {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Help|subcats}} and {{PAGESINCATEGORY:Help|subcats|R}}). Also applicable to {{PAGESIZE:ページ名}} hereinbefore.

The number magic words are formatted in the wiki content language. Since 1.19, it depends on the page content language.

ページ名

The {{BASEPAGENAME}} and {{SUBPAGENAME}} magic words only work in namespaces that have subpages enabled. See Manual:$wgNamespacesWithSubpages for information on enabling subpages.

As of 1.15 以降, these can all take a parameter, allowing specification of the page to be operated on, instead of just the current page:

• {{PAGENAME:Template:Main Page}} → Main Page

警告:

Page titles containing certain characters, such as apostrophes ' or asterisks *, may produce unexpected results when handled with these magic words, e.g. {{PAGESINCATEGORY:{{PAGENAME}}}}. See bugs 14779, 16474 and 35628. One simple way to fix this is wrapping the pagename in #titleparts (parser function).

For example, if page name is "L'Aquila", the following code will produce the string "Numeric char encoding":

{{#switch:{{PAGENAME}}
| L'Aquila = No translation
| L = Not OK
| L'Aquila = Entity escaping
| L'Aquila = Numeric char encoding
}}

URL エンコードされたページ名

The following are equivalents encoded for use in MediaWiki URLs (i.e. spaces replaced with underscores and some characters HTML escaped using numeric character encoding):

• {{FULLPAGENAMEE}}
• {{PAGENAMEE}}
• {{BASEPAGENAMEE}}
• {{SUBPAGENAMEE}}
• {{SUBJECTPAGENAMEE}}
• {{ARTICLEPAGENAMEE}}
• {{TALKPAGENAMEE}}

Note that {{PAGENAME}}, {{PAGENAMEE}} and {{urlencode:}} have distinct implementations. See Manual:PAGENAMEE encoding for details.

名前空間

The following are equivalents encoded for use in MediaWiki URLs (spaces replaced with underscores and some characters percent-encoded):

• {{NAMESPACEE}}
• {{SUBJECTSPACEE}}
• {{TALKSPACEE}}

As of 1.15 以降, these can take a full-page-name parameter and will return the requested namespace associated with that page, instead of with the current page:

• {{NAMESPACE:Template:Main Page}} → テンプレート
• {{SUBJECTSPACE:Template:Main Page}} → テンプレート
• {{TALKSPACE:Template:Main Page}} → テンプレート・トーク

Parameter must not be a namespace name:

• {{SUBJECTSPACE:Help talk}} →   (Empty)

パーサー関数

Parser functions are very similar to variables, but take one or more parameters (technically, any magic word that takes a parameter is a parser function), and the name is sometimes prefixed with a hash to distinguish them from templates.

This page only describes parser functions that are integral to the MediaWiki software. Other parser functions may be added by MediaWiki extensions such as the ParserFunctions extension. For those see Help:Extension:ParserFunctions/ja.

別のページの技術的なメタデータ

URL データ

名前空間

{{ns:}} returns the current localized name for the namespace with that index, canonical name, or local alias. Thus {{ns:6}}, {{ns:File}}, and {{ns:Image}} (an old name for the File namespace) all return "ファイル". On a wiki where the content language is French, {{ns:Fichier}} is also valid, but {{ns:Datei}} (the localisation of "File" in German) is not.

{{nse:}} is the equivalent encoded for MediaWiki URLs. It does the same, but it replaces spaces with underscores, making it usable in external links.

Don't confuse localised namespaces with custom namespaces.

整形

使用例	入力 → 出力	出力	バージョン
{{formatnum:unformatted number}} {{formatnum:formatnum-formatted number|R}} {{formatnum:unformatted number|NOSEP}}	Simple: {{formatnum:987654321.654321}} → 987,654,321.654321 {{formatnum:987,654,321.654321|R}} → 987654321.654321 Advanced: {{formatnum:{{formatnum:987654321.654321}}|R}} → 987654321.654321 (on any locale) {{formatnum:00001}} → 00,001 Examples with Hindi locale: {{formatnum:987654321.654321}} → 98,76,54,321.654321 {{formatnum:987654321.654321 |NOSEP}} → 987654321.654321 {{formatnum:98,76,54,321.654321 |NOSEP|R}} → 98,76,54,321.654321 Unsupported: {{formatnum:{{formatnum:987.654.321}}}} → 987 654 321 (e.g. with Italian locale) Examples of wrong input (unreliable output), with or without |R: {{formatnum:987,654.321|R}} (the least broken) {{formatnum:987.654,321|R}} {{formatnum:987 654,321|R}} {{formatnum:987 654,321|R}}	Takes an unformatted number (arab, no group separators and . as decimal separator) and outputs it in the localized digit script and formatted with decimal and decimal group separators, according to the wiki's default locale. The |R parameter can be used to reverse the behaviour, for use in mathematical situations: it's reliable and should be used only to deformat numbers who are known to be formatted exactly as formatnum formats them with the wiki's locale. 警告:  Leading zeroes are not removed, you can use {{#expr:00001}} instead if you have Extension:ParserFunctions installed. 警告:  If you don't input numbers in the exact format required, don't expect any reliable output, especially on non-English wikis. 警告:  The NOSEP ("no separators") parameter means that no group / decimal separators are changed; formatnum will only transform the digits themselves in languages which don't use the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. NOSEP can also prevent non-standard digit groupings you wouldn't expect. If you really need to format (according the wiki's locale) a number in unknown input format, you could try and use formatnum two times (but not if it can have a decimal group, or its separator will be eaten or the number won't be formatted).	1.7 以降 1.13 以降
{{#dateformat:date}} {{#formatdate:date}} {{#dateformat:date|format}} {{#formatdate:date|format}}	{{#dateformat:25 deC 2009|ymd}} → 25 deC 2009 (your pref), 2009 DeC 25 (default) {{#formatdate:dec 25,2009|dmy}} → dec 25,2009 (your pref), 25 Dec 2009 (default) {{#dateformat:2009-12-25|mdy}} → 12月 25, 2009 (your pref), December 25, 2009 (default) {{#formatdate:2009 dec 25|ISO 8601}} → 2009 dec 25 (your pref), 2009-12-25 (default) {{#dateformat:25 decEmber|mdy}} → 25 decEmber (your pref), DecEmber 25 (default) Note: In the example hereinbefore, "your pref" refers to your date preference on the current MediaWiki wiki only.	Formats an unlinked date based on user "date format" preference, and adds metadata tagging it as a formatted date. For logged-out users and those who have not set a date format in their preferences, dates can be given a default: mdy, dmy, ymd, ISO 8601 (all case sensitive). If only the month and day are given, only mdy and dmy are valid. If a format is not specified or is invalid, the input format is used as a default. If the supplied date is not recognized as a valid date (specifically, if it contains any metadata such as from a nested use of these or similar templates), it is rendered unchanged, and no (additional) metadata is generated. 警告: Although the ISO 8601 standard requires that dates be in the Gregorian calendar, the ISO parameter in this function will still format dates that fall outside the usual Gregorian range (e.g. dates prior to 1583). Also, the magic word cannot properly convert between negative years (used with ISO 8601) and years BC or years BCE (used in general writing).	1.15 以降
{{lc:string}}	{{lc:DATA CENTER}} → data center	The lowercase input.	1.5 以降
{{lcfirst:string}}	{{lcfirst:DATA center}} → dATA center	The input with the very first character lowercase.	1.5 以降
{{uc:string}}	{{uc:text transform}} → TEXT TRANSFORM	The uppercase input.	1.5 以降
{{ucfirst:string}}	{{ucfirst:text TRANSFORM}} → Text TRANSFORM	The input with the very first character uppercase.	1.5 以降
{{padleft:xyz|stringlength}} {{padleft:xyz|strlen|char}} {{padleft:xyz|strlen|string}}	{{padleft:xyz|5}} → 00xyz {{padleft:xyz|5|_}} → __xyz {{padleft:xyz|5|abc}} → abxyz {{padleft:xyz|2}} → xyz {{padleft:|1|xyz}} → x (first character of the string)	Inserts a string of padding characters (character chosen in third parameter; default "0") of a specified length (second parameter) next to a chosen base character or variable (first parameter). The final digits or characters in the base replace the final characters in the padding; i.e. {{padleft:44|3|0}} produces 044. The padding string may be truncated if its length does not evenly divide the required number of characters. Only the first character of the third parameter is used in versions up to 1.12, but by version 1.15 all the characters are used. Bug (fixed in r45734): multibyte characters are interpreted as two characters, which can skew width. These also cannot be used as padding characters.	1.8 以降
{{padright:xyz|stringlength}} {{padright:xyz|strlen|char}} {{padright:xyz|strlen|string}}	{{padright:xyz|5}} → xyz00 {{padright:xyz|5|_}} → xyz__ {{padright:xyz|5|abc}} → xyzab {{padright:xyz|2}} → xyz {{padright:|1|xyz}} → x	Identical to padleft, but adds padding characters to the right side.	1.8 以降

See also: Extension:StringFunctions.

地域化

Here are the magic words which are used as main localisation tools. Other magic words will often depend on the wiki's locale and configuration or on the chosen language: see in particular #Date and time, #Formatting, #Miscellaneous. More magic words are added by the Translate extension.

The usage of these magic words can be very complex, and the documentation is currently incomplete; there's some more info on PLURAL, GRAMMAR, GENDER.

その他