「ヘルプ:Tables」の版間の差分

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:''For MediaWiki's database table structure, see: [[Manual:Database layout]]''

'''Tables''' may be created in wiki pages. As a general rule, it is best to avoid using a table unless you need one. Table markup often complicates page editing.<ref>Tables can be created using either XHTML table elements directly, or using wikicode formatting to define the table. XHTML table elements and their use are well described on various web pages and will not be discussed here. The benefit of wikicode is that the table is constructed of character symbols which tend to make it easier to perceive the table structure in the article editing view compared to XHTML table elements.</ref>  

 

== Wiki table markup summary ==

{| class="wikitable" width="60%"

| style="padding: 5px;"| '''table start'''

| style="padding: 5px;"| table '''caption,''' ''optional;'' only between '''table start''' and first '''table row'''

| style="padding: 5px;"| '''table row,''' ''optional on first row'' -- wiki engine assumes the first row

| style="padding: 5px;"| '''table header''' cell, ''optional.'' Consecutive '''table header''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (<code>!!</code>) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (<code>!</code>).

| style="padding: 5px;"| '''table data''' cell, ''required!'' Consecutive '''table data''' cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (<code><nowiki>||</nowiki></code>) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (<code><nowiki>|</nowiki></code>).

| style="padding: 5px;"| '''table end'''  

*The above marks must '''start on a new line''' except the double <code>||</code> and <code>!!</code> for optionally adding consecutive cells to a line. However, blank spaces at the beginning of a line are ignored.

*'''XHTML attributes.''' Each mark, except table end, optionally accepts one or more XHTML attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark. Separate attributes from each other with a single space.  

**Cells and caption (<code>|</code> or <code>||</code>, <code>!</code> or <code>!!</code>, and <code>|+</code>) hold content. So separate any attributes from content with a single pipe (<code>|</code>). Cell content may follow on same line or on following lines.

**Table and row marks (<code>{|</code> and <code>|-</code>) do not directly hold content. Do ''not'' add pipe (<code>|</code>) after their optional attributes. If you erroneously add a pipe after attributes for the table mark or row mark the parser will delete it ''and'' your final attribute if it was touching the erroneous pipe!

*'''Content''' may (a) follow its cell mark on the same line after any optional XHTML attributes or (b) on lines below the cell mark. Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as lists, headings, or nested tables, must be on its own new line.

**'''Pipe character as content.''' To insert a pipe (<code>|</code>) character into a table, use the &lt;nowiki&gt;<code>|</code>&lt;/nowiki&gt; escaping markup.

==Basics==

The following table lacks borders and good spacing but shows the simplest wiki markup table structure.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

The cells in the same row can be listed on one line separated by <code>||</code> (two pipe symbols). If the text in the cell should contain a line break, use <code><nowiki><br/></nowiki></code> instead.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

|Orange||Apple||more

|Bread||Pie||more

|Butter||Ice<br/>cream||and<br/>more

|Orange||Apple||more

|Bread||Pie||more

|Butter||Ice<br/>cream||and<br/>more

Extra spaces within cells in the wiki markup, as in the wiki markup below, do not affect the actual table rendering.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

|  Orange   ||   Apple   ||   more

|  Bread   ||   Pie     ||   more

|  Butter   || Ice cream || and more

|  Orange   ||   Apple   ||   more

|  Bread   ||   Pie     ||   more

|  Butter   || Ice cream || and more

You can have longer text or more complex wiki syntax inside table cells, too:

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

=== Table headers ===

Table headers can be created by using "<code>!</code>" (exclamation mark) instead of "<code>|</code>" (pipe symbol). Headers usually show up bold and centered by default.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

! style="text-align:left;"| Item

! Amount

! Cost

|Orange

|Bread

|Butter

!Total

! style="text-align:left;"| Item

! Amount

! Cost

|Orange

|Bread

|Butter

!Total

'''Note:''' When using attributes as in the heading 'Item' a vertical bar '|' is used for separation. Not an exclamation character '!'.

===Caption===

A '''table caption''' can be added to the top of any table as follows.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

|+Food complements

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

|+ Food complements

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

===class="wikitable"===

Basic styling (light gray background, borders, padding and align left) can be achieved by adding class="wikitable".

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

|+Food complements

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

|+ Food complements

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

===HTML colspan and rowspan===

You can use HTML '''colspan''' and '''rowspan''' attributes on cells for advanced layout.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

!colspan="6"|Shopping List

|rowspan="2"|Bread & Butter

|Pie

|Buns

|Danish

|colspan="2"|Croissant

|Cheese

|colspan="2"|Ice cream

|Butter

|Yogurt

!colspan="6"|Shopping List

|rowspan="2"|Bread & Butter

|Pie

|Buns

|Danish

|colspan="2"|Croissant

|Cheese

|colspan="2"|Ice cream

|Butter

|Yogurt

== XHTML attributes ==

You can add XHTML attributes to tables. For the authoritative source on these, see [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/struct/tables.html the W3C's HTML 4.01 Specification page on tables].

=== Attributes on tables ===

Placing attributes after the table start tag (<code>{|</code>) applies attributes to the entire table.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"| You type

! style="width: 50%;"| You get

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream

=== Attributes on cells ===

You can put attributes on individual '''cells'''. For example, numbers may look better aligned right.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"| You type

! style="width: 50%;"| You get

| Orange

| Apple

| Bread

| Pie

| Butter

| Ice cream

| Orange

| Apple

| Bread

| Pie

| Butter

| Ice cream

You can also use '''cell''' attributes when you are listing multiple '''cells''' on a single line. Note that the '''cells''' are separated by <code>||</code>, and within each '''cell''' the attribute(s) and value are separated by <code>|</code>.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"| You type

! style="width: 50%;"| You get

| Orange || Apple    || style="text-align:right;" | 12,333.00

| Bread || Pie      || style="text-align:right;" | 500.00

| Butter || Ice cream || style="text-align:right;" | 1.00

| Orange || Apple    || style="text-align:right;" | 12,333.00

| Bread || Pie      || style="text-align:right;" | 500.00

| Butter || Ice cream || style="text-align:right;" | 1.00

===Attributes on rows===

You can put attributes on individual '''rows''', too.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

| Orange

| Apple

| Bread

| Pie

| Butter

| Ice cream

| Orange

| Apple

| Bread

| Pie

| Butter

| Ice cream

===Simple one-pixel table border===

An example of the above  one-pixel table border:<ref name="moredetailed">The default table formatting uses the "border-collapse: separate" model, which adds table cell spacing (which also separates the table outer border from its content cells). Even with a zero cellspacing, the borders of consecutive cells (and of the overall table container) will add up, so to get a one-pixel separation between cells, you need to selectively remove one or more of the four borders of cells.<br><br>

 

Such tables may be formatted more simply, using the "border-collapse: collapse" CSS property; in this table formatting model, the cellspacing attribute (or the CSS "border-spacing:" property) and the table's "padding:" CSS property is ignored and only the larger border of adjacent inner cells (or the table border for outer cells) will be used.</ref>

{| width=100%

! You type  

! You get  

| width=50% style="padding: 5px;" |

<pre style="font-size: 80%">

{| style="border-collapse: separate;

          padding: 0"

|-

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"|

Orange

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"|

Apple

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"|

Bread

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0"|

Pie

| width=50% style="padding: 20px;"|

{| style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0; border: 1px solid #000; padding: 0"

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0"| Orange

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 0 1px 0"| Apple

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0 1px 0 0"| Bread

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 0"| Pie

| style="padding: 5px;"|

<pre style="font-size: 80%">

{| style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #000"

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"|  

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"|

|-

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"|

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"|

{| style="border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #000"

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| Orange

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| Apple

|-

| style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px"| Bread

If "border-width:" has only one number, it is for all four border sides:

{| width=100%

! You type  

! You get  

| width=50% style="padding: 5px;" |

{|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 20px"

Hello

| width=50% style="padding: 20px;"|

{|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 20px"

Hello

If "border-width:" has more than one number, the four numbers are for top, right, bottom, left:

{| width=100%

! You type  

! You get  

| width=50% style="padding: 5px;" |

{|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 10px 20px 100px 0"

Hello

| width=50% style="padding: 20px;"|

{|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 10px 20px 100px 0"

Hello

:When there are fewer than 4 values, the value for left takes its default from the value for right, the value for bottom takes its default from the value for top, and the value for right takes its default from the value for top.

* The HTML attributes (such as "width=", "border=", "cellspacing=", "cellpadding=") do not need any length unit (the pixel unit is assumed). The CSS style properties (which override the HTML attributes) require an explicit length unit (if the value is not 0) such as "px" for the pixel.

[[Manual:CSS|CSS]] style attributes can be added with or without other HTML attributes.

 

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

====Attributes====

'''Attributes''' can be added to the caption and headers as follows.

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

|+ style="caption-side:bottom; color:#e76700;"|''Food complements''

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

|+ style="caption-side:bottom; color:#e76700;"|''Food complements''

|Orange

|Apple

|Bread

|Pie

|Butter

|Ice cream  

====Column width====

'''Column width''' can be added as follows.

You type:

{| style="color: black; background-color: #ffffcc;" width="85%"

| colspan="2" | This column width is 85% of the screen width (and has a background color)

'''This column is 30% counted from 85% of the screen width'''

'''This column is 70% counted from 85% of the screen width (and has a background color)'''

You get:

{| style="color: black; background-color: #ffffcc;" width="85%"  

| colspan="2" | This column width is 85% of the screen width (and has a background color)

| style="width: 30%; background-color: white;"| '''This column is 30% counted from 85% of the screen width'''

| style="width: 70%; background-color: orange;"| '''This column is 70% counted from 85% of the screen width (and has a background color)'''

===Accessibility of table header cells===

Table header cells do not explicitly specify which table data cells they apply to (those on their right on the same row, or those below them on the same column). When the table is rendered in a visual 2D environment, this is usually easy to infer.

However when tables are rendered on non-visual media, you can help the browser to determine which table header cell applies to the description of any selected cell (in order to repeat its content in some accessibility helper) using a scope="row" or scope="col" attribute on table header cells. In most cases with simple tables, you'll use scope="col" on all header cells of the first row, and scope="row" on the first cell of the following rows:

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get

! scope="col"| Item

! scope="col"| Quantity

! scope="col"| Price

! scope="row"| Bread

! scope="row"| Butter

! scope="row" colspan="2"| Total

! scope="col"| Item

! scope="col"| Quantity

! scope="col"| Price

! scope="row"| Bread

! scope="row"| Butter

! scope="row" colspan="2"| Total

== Alignment ==

=== Table alignment ===

Table alignment is achieved by using CSS. The table alignment is controlled by margins. A fixed margin on one side will make the table to be aligned to that side, if on the opposite side the margin is defined as ''auto''. To have a table center aligned, you should set both margins to ''auto''

For example, a rigt-aligned table:

{| width="100%"

! style="width: 50%;"|You type

! style="width: 50%;"|You get