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<languages />
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<languages/>
 
{{TNT|PD Help Page}}
 
{{TNT|PD Help Page}}
 
複数のページに含めたい共通するようなテキストがある場合、MediaWiki のテンプレート機能が役立ちます。
 
複数のページに含めたい共通するようなテキストがある場合、MediaWiki のテンプレート機能が役立ちます。
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* <code><nowiki>{{Name}}</nowiki></code> — as described above, this link will be dynamically replaced by the current content of <nowiki>[[Template:Name]]</nowiki> at the time the page with the template link is '''loaded'''. The link will remain unchanged in the page's source.
 
* <code><nowiki>{{Name}}</nowiki></code> — as described above, this link will be dynamically replaced by the current content of <nowiki>[[Template:Name]]</nowiki> at the time the page with the template link is '''loaded'''. The link will remain unchanged in the page's source.
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* <code><nowiki>{{subst:Name}}</nowiki></code> — when this template link is used, it will be replaced once and for all with the content of <nowiki>[[Template:Name]]</nowiki> as of the time the page with the link is '''saved''': a copy of the contents of <nowiki>[[Template:Name]]</nowiki> will be ''substituted'' for the template link. The contents are then a part of the including page, and can be edited normally, separately from the original. ''Note'': later changes to the source template page will ''not'' be propagated to the page with the template link.
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* <code><nowiki>{{subst:Name}}</nowiki></code> — when this template link is used, it will be replaced once and for all with the content of <nowiki>[[Template:Name]]</nowiki> as of the time the page with the link is '''saved''': a copy of the contents of <nowiki>[[Template:Name]]</nowiki> will be ''substituted'' for the template link. The contents are then a part of the including page, and can be edited normally, separately from the original. ''Note'': changes to the source template page will ''not'' be propagated to the page with the template link.
 
* <code><nowiki>{{safesubst:Name}}</nowiki></code> — this was introduced to allow for substitution that doesn't break transclusion, see [[w:en:Help:Substitution#The safesubst: modifier]].
 
* <code><nowiki>{{safesubst:Name}}</nowiki></code> — this was introduced to allow for substitution that doesn't break transclusion, see [[w:en:Help:Substitution#The safesubst: modifier]].
 
* <code><nowiki>{{msgnw:Name}}</nowiki></code>は、それを含むページが取得されるときに、<code><nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;</nowiki></code>のように生のwiki構文として表示する形式でテンプレートを埋め込みます。
 
* <code><nowiki>{{msgnw:Name}}</nowiki></code>は、それを含むページが取得されるときに、<code><nowiki>&lt;nowiki&gt;</nowiki></code>のように生のwiki構文として表示する形式でテンプレートを埋め込みます。
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== パラメーター ==
 
== パラメーター ==
  
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参照読み込みの機能を豊富にするために、MediaWikiはそれが参照読み込みされたときにテンプレートにパラメーターを渡せます。パラメーターによって、テンプレートからさまざまな異なるコンテンツを生成したり、異なる挙動をさせられます。
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To enrich the mechanism of transclusion, MediaWiki allows parameters to be passed to a template when it is transcluded. Parameters allow the template to produce different contents or have different behaviors.
  
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ちょっとした感謝の言葉を他の利用者の[[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Talk pages|トークページ]]に挿入したい場合は、
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Suppose you wish to insert a little thank you note in the [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Talk pages|talk page]] of other users, such as:
  
 
{{Thankyou|all your effort|Me}}
 
{{Thankyou|all your effort|Me}}
  
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The thank you note は、その理由(このケースでは"all your effort")と署名("Me")を持つことになります。あなたの目的は、すべてのユーザーが理由の如何を問わず、他のユーザーに感謝することができるということです。
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The thank you note will have a reason (in this case, "all your effort") and a signature ("Me"). Your objective is that any user is able to thank any other user, for any reason whatsoever.
  
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これによって、たとえば[[Template:Thankyou]]というテンプレートを定義して使うことで、どの場所でも同じ記述ができるようになります。しかし、ユーザーが誰かに感謝する記述は同じでも、具体的な内容(理由や署名)は違います。このため、それらをパラメータとして渡す必要があります。もしボックスの書式を設定するために残りの要素を無視して画像を配置する場合、テンプレートの主たる記述は、次のようになります:
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So that the note will look similar everywhere it is used, you can define a template called [[Template:Thankyou]], for example. Although the note should look similar whenever a user thanks another user, its specific contents (i.e. the reason and the signature) will be different. For that reason, you should pass them as parameters. If we ignore the remaining elements to format the box and place the image, the core content of the template will be this:
  
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<source lang="moin">
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<pre><nowiki>'''A little thank you...'''
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'''感謝をこめて...'''
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for {{{1}}}.
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{{{1}}} さんへ。
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hugs, {{{2}}}</nowiki></pre>
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本当にありがとう。 {{{2}}} より。
 
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</source>
 
  
 
Notice the use of <code><nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{{2}}}</nowiki></code>. This is the way to identify, within templates, the parameters that will be passed in when the template is used. Note that, within the template, each parameter is surrounded by '''three''' braces: <code><nowiki>{{{ }}}</nowiki></code>. This is different from normal template name usage.
 
Notice the use of <code><nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{{2}}}</nowiki></code>. This is the way to identify, within templates, the parameters that will be passed in when the template is used. Note that, within the template, each parameter is surrounded by '''three''' braces: <code><nowiki>{{{ }}}</nowiki></code>. This is different from normal template name usage.
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  <nowiki>{{Thankyou|Me|all your effort}}</nowiki>
 
  <nowiki>{{Thankyou|Me|all your effort}}</nowiki>
  
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以下のような出力がなされます:
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would produce this result:
  
 
{{Thankyou|Me|all your effort}}
 
{{Thankyou|Me|all your effort}}
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'''Note:''' identifying parameters by order (with <code><nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki></code>, etc) works ''only'' with anonymous parameters. If your page identifies any parameter by number or name, as shown below, this method will no longer be available to the template which receives them.
 
'''Note:''' identifying parameters by order (with <code><nowiki>{{{1}}}</nowiki></code>, etc) works ''only'' with anonymous parameters. If your page identifies any parameter by number or name, as shown below, this method will no longer be available to the template which receives them.
  
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'''Note:''' If an equal sign appears inside an anonymous template parameter, it may be interpreted as a named parameter, treating the text before the equal sign as the parameter name and the text after it as the value.
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=== 番号のパラメーター ===
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This is a common problem when you need to include an external link, or an HTML element with attributes (see [[phab:T16235|Task 16235]])
 
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The workaround is to use named parameters instead, or even numbered parameters as explained in the following section.
 
  
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=== 数値のパラメーター ===
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To pass in parameters by number, identify each parameter when passing it:
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数値によるパラメーターの場合は、パラメーターの値により、識別されます:
 
  
 
  <nowiki>{{Thankyou|2=Me|1=your friendship}}</nowiki>
 
  <nowiki>{{Thankyou|2=Me|1=your friendship}}</nowiki>
  
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この時、template <code><nowiki>{{Thankyou}}</nowiki></code> は、パラメーターの値が1ならば <code><nowiki>{{{1}}}=your friendship</nowiki></code>、2ならば<code><nowiki>{{{2}}}=Me</nowiki></code>、と設定されており、パラメーター指定は数値の降順で書きます。結果、以下のような出力となります。
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This time, template <code><nowiki>{{Thankyou}}</nowiki></code> receives parameters <code><nowiki>{{{1}}}=your friendship</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{{2}}}=Me</nowiki></code>, though they have been supplied in inverse order, and produces:
 
{{Thankyou|2=Me|1=your friendship}}
 
{{Thankyou|2=Me|1=your friendship}}
  
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Since no parameters were passed in, the template presents the parameters themselves, instead of their respective values. In these cases, it may be useful to define ''default'' values for the parameters, i.e. values that will be used if no value is passed in. For example, if the template contents are changed to:
 
Since no parameters were passed in, the template presents the parameters themselves, instead of their respective values. In these cases, it may be useful to define ''default'' values for the parameters, i.e. values that will be used if no value is passed in. For example, if the template contents are changed to:
  
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<source lang="moin">
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<pre><nowiki>'''A little thank you...'''
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{{{reason|すべてのことに}}}
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for {{{reason|everything}}}.
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'''感謝をこめて...'''
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hugs, {{{signature|Me}}}</nowiki></pre>
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ほんとうにありがとう。 {{{signature|私より}}}
 
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</source>
 
  
 
then <code><nowiki>{{{reason|everything}}}</nowiki></code> defines that if no parameter <code>{{{reason}}}</code> is provided, then the value <code>everything</code> will be used. Similarly, <code><nowiki>{{{signature|Me}}}</nowiki></code>, defaults parameter <code>{{{signature}}}</code> to value <code>Me</code>. Now, transcluding the template again without passing any parameter, results in the following:
 
then <code><nowiki>{{{reason|everything}}}</nowiki></code> defines that if no parameter <code>{{{reason}}}</code> is provided, then the value <code>everything</code> will be used. Similarly, <code><nowiki>{{{signature|Me}}}</nowiki></code>, defaults parameter <code>{{{signature}}}</code> to value <code>Me</code>. Now, transcluding the template again without passing any parameter, results in the following:
 
<!-- strictly speaking, this example is false, because the template call was changed to obtain the desired effect - but the effect is the same if the template is defined as described -->
 
<!-- strictly speaking, this example is false, because the template call was changed to obtain the desired effect - but the effect is the same if the template is defined as described -->
 
{{Thankyou|reason=everything|signature=Me}}
 
{{Thankyou|reason=everything|signature=Me}}
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=== Order of evaluation ===
 
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Template parameters are fully evaluated before they are passed to the template.
 
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So if one of your parameters is a call to another template, what is
 
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actually passed is the expanded parameter.
 
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<pre><nowiki>{{Thankyou|reason=visiting ({{Welcome}})|signature=Me}}</nowiki></pre>
 
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becomes
 
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<pre><nowiki>{{Thankyou|reason=visiting (Hi there! Welcome to this wonderful wiki.)|signature=Me}}</nowiki></pre>
 
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before it becomes:
 
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{{Thankyou|reason=visiting (Hi there! Welcome to this wonderful wiki.)|signature=Me}}
 
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<!-- Can't use the actual {{Welcome}} as it's defined differently than the example definition given at the start of this page. -->
 
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In a few circumstances, this order of evaluation makes a difference
 
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from the alternative.  (The alternative being to check the results
 
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of the template call to see if there are additional templates to be
 
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expanded.)
 
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First, the name of the template can be expanded at the same time and
 
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in the same way as the parameters.
 
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Thus
 
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<pre><nowiki>{{Thankyou in {{preferred language}}|signature=Me}}</nowiki></pre>
 
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might expand to
 
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<pre><nowiki>{{Thankyou in french|signature=Me}}</nowiki></pre>
 
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So that a template called <code>Thankyou in french</code> could display the thank you in the preferred language (however that was determined.)
 
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Secondly, the template being called can't construct a template from pieces
 
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to be called later.
 
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A template that took the form
 
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<code><nowiki>{{start of call}}{{end of call}}</nowiki></code>
 
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would not work
 
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if
 
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<code>start of call</code> was <code><nowiki>{{Thankyou|</nowiki></code>
 
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and
 
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<code>end of call</code> was <code><nowiki>signature=Me}}</nowiki></code>.
 
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Thirdly, the parameter being passed is expanded only once, rather than
 
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every place the parameter is used in the template.  This is more
 
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efficient on the mediawiki server.
 
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Finally, the template being called can't stop the parameter from being
 
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expanded altogether.  Even if a template only uses a parameter in some
 
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circumstances, it will always have been expanded before the call was made.
 
  
 
== テンプレートの参照読み込みの制御 ==
 
== テンプレートの参照読み込みの制御 ==
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* Ensuring that the template's code is not executed when viewing the template page itself. Typically this is because it expects parameters, and its execution without parameters has an undesired result.
 
* Ensuring that the template's code is not executed when viewing the template page itself. Typically this is because it expects parameters, and its execution without parameters has an undesired result.
  
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Everything outside <code><nowiki><noinclude></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><includeonly></nowiki></code> is processed and displayed normally; that is, both when the template page is being viewed directly and when the template is included in another page.
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Everything outside <code><nowiki><noinclude></nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki><includeonly></nowiki></code> tags is processed and displayed normally; that is, both when the template page is being viewed directly and when the template is included in another page.
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The focus is on what is inside these two tags.
 
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Everything outside <code><nowiki><onlyinclude></nowiki></code> tags is discarded in the transclusion.
 
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Even sections tagged includeonly are discarded in the transclusion unless they are also tagged as onlyinclude.
 
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The focus is on what is outside this tag.
 
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The three partial transclusion tags enable all possible combinations of what is processed and rendered.
 
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Comments also fill a role.
 
  
 
== テンプレートの整理 ==
 
== テンプレートの整理 ==
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以下の方法で見つけられます:
 
以下の方法で見つけられます:
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# ''{{int|specialpages}}''' > '''{{int|allpages}}'''をクリック
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# ''{{int:specialpages}}''' > '''{{int:allpages}}'''をクリック
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# '''{{int|namespace}}'''一覧で、'''Template''' を選択して'''{{int|allpagessubmit}}'''
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# '''{{int:namespace}}'''一覧で、'''Template''' を選択して'''{{int:allpagessubmit}}'''
  
 
To give usage information, include an example like this one on the template page:
 
To give usage information, include an example like this one on the template page:
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それから編集者は同じようなページを作成するために例をコピー＆ペーストします。
 
それから編集者は同じようなページを作成するために例をコピー＆ペーストします。
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== Linking to a template ==
 
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To link to a template instead of including it, use the {{tl|tl}} template.
 
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The name of the template the editor wants to link to goes after the vertical pipe.
 
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例:
 
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<code><nowiki>{{tl|navbar}}</nowiki></code> links to the {{tl|navbar}} template.
 
  
 
== 別のウィキへのコピー ==
 
== 別のウィキへのコピー ==
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# Go to [[Special:Export]] on the original wiki, and download an .xml file with the complete history of all necessary templates, as follows:
 
# Go to [[Special:Export]] on the original wiki, and download an .xml file with the complete history of all necessary templates, as follows:
 
#* Enter the name of the template in the big text box, e.g. "Template:Welcome". Pay special attention to capitalization and special characters — if the template name isn't exactly correct, the export may still occur but the .xml file will not have the expected data.
 
#* Enter the name of the template in the big text box, e.g. "Template:Welcome". Pay special attention to capitalization and special characters — if the template name isn't exactly correct, the export may still occur but the .xml file will not have the expected data.
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#* ボックス「{{int|export-templates}}」にチェックを入れる。
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#* ボックス「{{int:export-templates}}」にチェックを入れる。
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#* ボックス「{{int|exportcuronly}}」の'''チェックを外す'''。
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#* ボックス「{{int:exportcuronly}}」の'''チェックを外す'''。
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#* 「{{int|export-submit}}」をクリック。
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#* 「{{int:export-submit}}」をクリック。
 
# Go to [[Special:Import]] on the new wiki and upload the .xml file.
 
# Go to [[Special:Import]] on the new wiki and upload the .xml file.
  
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# Look for the use of CSS classes (text like <code>class="foobar"</code>) in the template text. If those classes appear in "MediaWiki:Common.css" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.css" on the original wiki, copy those classes to "MediaWiki:Common.css" on the new wiki and check if the template is now fine.
 
# Look for the use of CSS classes (text like <code>class="foobar"</code>) in the template text. If those classes appear in "MediaWiki:Common.css" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.css" on the original wiki, copy those classes to "MediaWiki:Common.css" on the new wiki and check if the template is now fine.
 
# If the copied template is still not working as expected, check if there is code in "MediaWiki:Common.js" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.js" on the original wiki. If so, you can try copying it to "MediaWiki:Common.js" on the new wiki. Normally, it is a good idea to only copy code from trusted sources, and first browsing the code to identify and select the parts that are relevant. You may find comments that can serve as clues to identify the functionality of each part.
 
# If the copied template is still not working as expected, check if there is code in "MediaWiki:Common.js" or "MediaWiki:Monobook.js" on the original wiki. If so, you can try copying it to "MediaWiki:Common.js" on the new wiki. Normally, it is a good idea to only copy code from trusted sources, and first browsing the code to identify and select the parts that are relevant. You may find comments that can serve as clues to identify the functionality of each part.
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==注記==
 
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An experiment shows that if you include a template in itself, it won't put MediaWiki into an infinite recursion.
 
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MediaWiki will find out, and stop with the template's name in bold.
 
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For example, if the content of "Template:Aaaa" is "<code><nowiki>{{Aaaa}}</nowiki></code>", it'll show as "'''Template:Aaaa'''".
 
  
 
== 関連項目 ==
 
== 関連項目 ==
  
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* {{ll|Help:TemplateData}}
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:External searches|external searches]] – a template special use case example
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* {{ll|Help:External searches}} – 特殊なテンプレートの例
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words|magic words]] – fancy stuff you may find in some templates
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* {{ll|Help:Magic words}} – fancy stuff you may find in some templates
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* [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Parser functions in templates]]
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* {{ll|Help:Parser functions in templates}}
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* {{meta|Help:Template}} – contains a much more thorough manual on how exactly templates function
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* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Template|m:Help:Template]] – contains a much more thorough manual on how exactly templates function
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** {{meta|Help:Advanced templates}} – describes even more advanced techniques such as dynamic template calls and variable variables
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** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Advanced templates|m:Help:Advanced templates]] – describes even more advanced techniques such as dynamic template calls and variable variables
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* {{meta|Help:Embed page}} – embedding pages from [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] other than <code>Template:</code>.
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* [[m:Help:Embed page|m:Help:Embed page]] – embedding pages from [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] other than <code>Template:</code>.
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* [[Manual:Importing Wikipedia infoboxes tutorial|Importing Wikipedia infoboxes tutorial]]
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* {{ll|Manual:Importing Wikipedia infoboxes tutorial}}
 
  
 
[[Category:Help{{translation}}|Templates]]
 
[[Category:Help{{translation}}|Templates]]
 
[[Category:Template{{translation}}]]
 
[[Category:Template{{translation}}]]
 
[[Category:MediaWiki for site admins{{translation}}]]
 
[[Category:MediaWiki for site admins{{translation}}]]

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